RESEARCH

Flagship open-weight release days are always exciting. Was just reading through the Gemma 4 reports, configs, and code, and here are my takeaways: Architecture-wise, besides multi-model support, Gemma 4 (31B) looks pretty much unchanged compared to Gemma 3 (27B). Gemma 4 maintains a relatively unique Pre- and Post-norm setup and remains relatively classic, with a 5:1 hybrid attention mechanism combining a sliding-window (local) layer and a full-attention (global) layer. The attention mechanism itself is also classic Grouped Query Attention (GQA). But let’s not be fooled by the lack of architectural changes. Looking at the benchmarks, Gemma 4 is a huge leap from Gemma 3. This is likely due to the training set and recipe. Interestingly, on the AI Arena Leaderboard, Gemma 4 (31B) ranks similarly to the much larger Qwen3.5-397B-A17B model. But as I discussed in my model evaluation article, arena scores are a bit problematic as they can be gamed and are biased towards human (style) preference. If we look at some other common benchmarks, which I plotted below, we can see that it’s indeed a very clear leap over Gemma 3 and ranks on par with Qwen3.5 27B. Note that there is also a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Gemma 4 variant that is slightly smaller (27B  with 4 billion parameters active. The benchmarks are only slightly worse compared to Gemma 4 (31B). I omitted the MoE architecture in the figure below because the figure is already very crowded, but you can find it in my LLM Architecture Gallery. Anyways, overall, it's a nice and strong model release and a strong contender for local usage. Also, one aspect that should not be underrated is that (it seems) the model is now released with a standard Apache 2.0 open-source license, which has much friendlier usage terms than the custom Gemma 3 license.

→ View original post on X — @rasbt, 2026-04-02 19:03 UTC