Yeah exactly. It’s such a cool concept for a product. It doesn’t seem like oai will continue pushing the direction, (which makes sense) but I hope a startup can clone it and actually give it care, iteration and make it work and imo a lot of people would really love it. More
@karpathy
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OpenClaw: Non-Technical Users’ First Contact with Agent Models
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Someone recently suggested to me that the reason OpenClaw moment was so big is because it's the first time a large group of non-technical people (who otherwise only knew AI as synonymous with ChatGPT as a website) experienced the latest agentic models. [Translated from EN to English]
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AI Capability Gap: Free Models vs Frontier Agentic Systems
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Judging by my tl there is a growing gap in understanding of AI capability. The first issue I think is around recency and tier of use. I think a lot of people tried the free tier of ChatGPT somewhere last year and allowed it to inform their views on AI a little too much. This is a group of reactions laughing at various quirks of the models, hallucinations, etc. Yes I also saw the viral videos of OpenAI's Advanced Voice mode fumbling simple queries like "should I drive or walk to the carwash". The thing is that these free and old/deprecated models don't reflect the capability in the latest round of state of the art agentic models of this year, especially OpenAI Codex and Claude Code. But that brings me to the second issue. Even if people paid $200/month to use the state of the art models, a lot of the capabilities are relatively "peaky" in highly technical areas. Typical queries around search, writing, advice, etc. are *not* the domain that has made the most noticeable and dramatic strides in capability. Partly, this is due to the technical details of reinforcement learning and its use of verifiable rewards. But partly, it's also because these use cases are not sufficiently prioritized by the companies in their hillclimbing because they don't lead to as much $$$ value. The goldmines are elsewhere, and the focus comes along. So that brings me to the second group of people, who *both* 1) pay for and use the state of the art frontier agentic models (OpenAI Codex / Claude Code) and 2) do so professionally in technical domains like programming, math and research. This group of people is subject to the highest amount of "AI Psychosis" because the recent improvements in these domains as of this year have been nothing short of staggering. When you hand a computer terminal to one of these models, you can now watch them melt programming problems that you'd normally expect to take days/weeks of work. It's this second group of people that assigns a much greater gravity to the capabilities, their slope, and various cyber-related repercussions. TLDR the people in these two groups are speaking past each other. It really is simultaneously the case that OpenAI's free and I think slightly orphaned (?) "Advanced Voice Mode" will fumble the dumbest questions in your Instagram's reels and *at the same time*, OpenAI's highest-tier and paid Codex model will go off for 1 hour to coherently restructure an entire code base, or find and exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems. This part really works and has made dramatic strides because 2 properties: 1) these domains offer explicit reward functions that are verifiable meaning they are easily amenable to reinforcement learning training (e.g. unit tests passed yes or no, in contrast to writing, which is much harder to explicitly judge), but also 2) they are a lot more valuable in b2b settings, meaning that the biggest fraction of the team is focused on improving them. So here we are. staysaasy (@staysaasy) The degree to which you are awed by AI is perfectly correlated with how much you use AI to code. — https://nitter.net/staysaasy/status/2042063369432183238#m
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PDF Converters Infrastructure Gap and Quality Issues
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In my experience there are approx. one thousand different pdf converters that are all equally terrible for anything except the simplest documents. Post the converted Mythos pdf, figures, tables and all. If good, happy to retweet as this is essential and missing infrastructure.
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PDF Conversion Challenges for Large Language Models
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I just tried it this morning on the 245-page Mythos pdf and it failed badly and the outputs were all mangled. Converting pdfs is really hard, I think it has to probably be a Skill not a program, for a SOTA LLM for it to work properly.
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LLMs Enhance Information Processing Without Skipping Critical Thinking
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The core idea is that this lets you skip writing but it doesn’t let you skip reading and thinking. And the surprising result is that this works. Personally I process most of what I file by reading it, reading its summary, reading the LLM’s opinion on how it fits into the wiki and
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AI Activity Growth and API Cost Optimization Strategies
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sounds great. The AI activity has been growing out of control and I feel more regretted attention, possibly the Read endpoints can be a lot cheaper but the Write endpoints a lot more expensive (?). (and to clarify the project I mentioned was all read, no write.). I do think X has
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Excessive API Pricing Limits AI Agent Development
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I think it's a good direction (for Read endpoints, not for Write), I tried to use it for a project ~2 weeks ago but about 30 minutes of hacking around cost me $200, the pricing is imo really excessive. The docs were hard to ingest into agents because it's a lot of individual
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Personal Wikipedia: User-Controlled AI Personalization via Files
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Farzapedia, personal wikipedia of Farza, good example following my Wiki LLM tweet.
— Andrej Karpathy (@karpathy) 4 avril 2026
I really like this approach to personalization in a number of ways, compared to "status quo" of an AI that allegedly gets better the more you use it or something:
1. Explicit. The memory artifact… https://t.co/omsJsy8MXqFarzapedia, personal wikipedia of Farza, good example following my Wiki LLM tweet. I really like this approach to personalization in a number of ways, compared to "status quo" of an AI that allegedly gets better the more you use it or something: 1. Explicit. The memory artifact is explicit and navigable (the wiki), you can see exactly what the AI does and does not know and you can inspect and manage this artifact, even if you don't do the direct text writing (the LLM does). The knowledge of you is not implicit and unknown, it's explicit and viewable. 2. Yours. Your data is yours, on your local computer, it's not in some particular AI provider's system without the ability to extract it. You're in control of your information. 3. File over app. The memory here is a simple collection of files in universal formats (images, markdown). This means the data is interoperable: you can use a very large collection of tools/CLIs or whatever you want over this information because it's just files. The agents can apply the entire Unix toolkit over them. They can natively read and understand them. Any kind of data can be imported into files as input, and any kind of interface can be used to view them as the output. E.g. you can use Obsidian to view them or vibe code something of your own. Search "File over app" for an article on this philosophy. 4. BYOAI. You can use whatever AI you want to "plug into" this information – Claude, Codex, OpenCode, whatever. You can even think about taking an open source AI and finetuning it on your wiki – in principle, this AI could "know" you in its weights, not just attend over your data. So this approach to personalization puts *you* in full control. The data is yours. In Universal formats. Explicit and inspectable. Use whatever AI you want over it, keep the AI companies on their toes! 🙂 Certainly this is not the simplest way to get an AI to know you – it does require you to manage file directories and so on, but agents also make it quite simple and they can help you a lot. I imagine a number of products might come out to make this all easier, but imo "agent proficiency" is a CORE SKILL of the 21st century. These are extremely powerful tools – they speak English and they do all the computer stuff for you. Try this opportunity to play with one. Farza 🇵🇰🇺🇸 (@FarzaTV) This is Farzapedia. I had an LLM take 2,500 entries from my diary, Apple Notes, and some iMessage convos to create a personal Wikipedia for me. It made 400 detailed articles for my friends, my startups, research areas, and even my favorite animes and their impact on me complete with backlinks. But, this Wiki was not built for me! I built it for my agent! The structure of the wiki files and how it's all backlinked is very easily crawlable by any agent + makes it a truly useful knowledge base. I can spin up Claude Code on the wiki and starting at index.md (a catalog of all my articles) the agent does a really good job at drilling into the specific pages on my wiki it needs context on when I have a query. For example, when trying to cook up a new landing page I may ask: "I'm trying to design this landing page for a new idea I have. Please look into the images and films that inspired me recently and give me ideas for new copy and aesthetics". In my diary I kept track of everything from: learnings, people, inspo, interesting links, images. So the agent reads my wiki and pulls up my "Philosophy" articles from notes on a Studio Ghibli documentary, "Competitor" articles with YC companies whose landing pages I screenshotted, and pics of 1970s Beatles merch I saved years ago. And it delivers a great answer. I built a similar system to this a year ago with RAG but it was ass. A knowledge base that lets an agent find what it needs via a file system it actually understands just works better. The most magical thing now is as I add new things to my wiki (articles, images of inspo, meeting notes) the system will likely update 2-3 different articles where it feels that context belongs, or, just creates a new article. It's like this super genius librarian for your brain that's always filing stuff for your perfectly and also let's you easily query the knowledge for tasks useful to you (ex. design, product, writing, etc) and it never gets tired. I might spend next week productizing this, if that's of interest to you DM me + tell me your usecase! — https://nitter.net/FarzaTV/status/2040563939797504467#m
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AI Empowering Citizens to Increase Government Transparency and Accountability
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Something I've been thinking about – I am bullish on people (empowered by AI) increasing the visibility, legibility and accountability of their governments. Historically, it is the governments that act to make society legible (e.g. "Seeing like a state" is the common reference), but with AI, society can dramatically improve its ability to do this in reverse. Government accountability has not been constrained by access (the various branches of government publish an enormous amount of data), it has been constrained by intelligence – the ability to process a lot of raw data, combine it with domain expertise and derive insights. As an example, the 4000-page omnibus bill is "transparent" in principle and in a legal sense, but certainly not in a practical sense for most people. There's a lot more like it: laws, spending bills, federal budgets, freedom of information act responses, lobbying disclosures… Only a few highly trained professionals (investigative journalists) could historically process this information. This bottleneck might dissolve – not only are the professionals further empowered, but a lot more people can participate. Some examples to be precise: Detailed accounting of spending and budgets, diff tracking of legislation, individual voting trends w.r.t. stated positions or speeches, lobbying and influence (e.g. graph of lobbyist -> firm -> client -> legislator -> committee -> vote -> regulation), procurement and contracting, regulatory capture warning lights, judicial and legal patterns, campaign finance… Local governments might be even more interesting because the governed population is smaller so there is less national coverage: city council meetings, decisions around zoning, policing, schools, utilities… Certainly, the same tools can easily cut the other way and it's worth being very mindful of that, but I lean optimistic overall that added participation, transparency and accountability will improve democratic, free societies. (the quoted tweet is half-ish related, but inspired me to post some recent thoughts) Harry Rushworth (@Hrushworth) The British Government is a complicated beast. Dozens of departments, hundreds of public bodies, more corporations than one can count… Such is its complexity that there isn't an org chart for it. Well, there wasn't… Introducing ⚙️Machinery of Government⚙️ — https://nitter.net/Hrushworth/status/2040406616806179001#m