Realistic constraints for LA's ~8M fleet (~700 GWh batteries): Materials: Global Li supply ramps to ~3 Mt/yr by 2030 (vs current ~1 Mt), matching EV demand growth; LFP cuts Ni/Co sharply. Cu supply ample. LA share is fractional. Lifecycle: Real-world degradation ~2.3%/yr (81%
LA EV Fleet Battery Constraints: Materials, Lifecycle, Supply Analysis
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