The non-obvious crux of the shift is an empirical finding, emergent only at scale, and well-articulated in the GPT-3 paper (
https://
arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165). Basically, Transformers demonstrate the ability of "in-context" learning. At run-time, in the activations. No weight updates.
Transformers’ In-Context Learning: Emergent Ability at Scale
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